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Arhitektura,Dediščina
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17 januarja, 2017

V deželi kozolcev

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Kozolec je verjetno ena najbolj zanimivih avtohtonih arhitekturnih lesenih konstrukcij pri nas. Skoraj neverjetno je, kako se je za tako osnovno funkcijo, kot je sušenje in spravilo sena, razvila tako sofisticirana in kompleksna arhitektura. Zanimivo je tudi, da se je kozolec razvil izključno na slovenskem teritoriju. Kozolec je tako razširjen, da se nam zdi povsem samoumeven, kot naravni del pokrajine. Točnega podatka, koliko kozolcev je v Sloveniji, mi ni uspelo najti, vendar če sklepamo, da ga ima skoraj vsaka kmetija (razen na Krasu in panonskem svetu), se morda številka giblje okoli 50.000 (po podatkih statističnega urada je bilo leta 2015 v Sloveniji 72.337 kmetijskih gospodarstev).

V Šentrupertu na dolenjskem so pred časom odprli eko muzej Dežela kozolcev. Na ogled je 17 različnih kozolcev. Ti so v Šentrupert prinešeni iz bližnje in daljne okolice. Vsi so skrbno restavrirani in umeščeni na rob naselja. Kompozicija mi prikliče v spomin gručo kozolcev v Studorju pri Bohinju, kjer je podobna zgoščena skupina kozolcev nastala spontano – nenačrtovano. V Deželi kozolcev so predstavljeni vsi različni tipi kozolcev, ki jih poznamo. Na ta način je prikazan tipološki razvoj od zelo enostavnih naprav, do zelo kompleksnih struktur, od enostavnih ostrvi, enojnih stegnjenih, dvojnih stegnjenih, kozolcev na psa (ali kozla), do različnih tipov »toplarja«. Pa še kakšna zanimiva posebnost se najde vmes.

Če se malo poigramo z arhitekturno teorijo, lahko v kozolcu razberemo kar nekaj referenc razvoja arhitekture, od Laugierjeve prvinske koče, modernističnih načel prostega pritličja in rastrske skeletne konstrukcije, do golega minimalizma, kjer ni nič odveč. Križna zavetrovanja pa bi lahko interpretirali, kot napoved sodobnih križno lepljenih plošč. Kozolec je v več stoletnem razvoju dosegel arhitekturni ideal.

Zadnja leta doživlja lesena gradnja ponoven razcvet. Les se vrača in postaja vedno bolj cenjen. Celo v urbanih območjih ni več tabu … Po svetu se gradijo leseni nebotičniki. Eden bo kmalu zgrajen na Dunaju, v Vancouvru je bil pred kratkim dokončan in kar nekaj jih je še načrtovanih ali v gradnji. V tem kontekstu nam je lahko kozolec neskončen navdih pri reševanju različnih konstrukcijskih in oblikovnih problemov. Sprehod po Deželi kozolcev je tako lahko po eni strani občudovanje kulturne dediščine, kakor tudi iskanje navdiha za prihodnost.

Gruča kozolcev spominja na znamenite studorske kozolce pri Bohinju.

Na jasnih info tablah je predstavljen vsak kozolec

Kozolec “na psa” oz. “na kozla”

Informacijska točka in vstop v eko muzej

 

Besedilo in fotografije: Matevž Granda

 

 

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Revija Outsider je prejela Plečnikovo medaljo za prispevek k bogatitvi arhitekturne kulture. Kot piše v utemeljitvi, sta revija in spletni portal Outsider nov slovenski medij o kulturi in družbi, ki si prizadeva za poznavalski in hkrati distanciran pogled na prostor. Ekipa arhitektov, ki skrbi za njen obstoj, je nagrajena za inovativnost pri širjenju zavedanja o arhitekturi in prostoru v kontekstu širše kulture in širše javnosti ter za vztrajnost na vsebinski in finančni neodvisnosti.

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