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Arhitektura
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7 junija, 2016

Odkrivanje osnovnih delcev

Kaj pomeni beseda "osnovno"? To je bilo vprašanje natečaja, ki ga je organiziralo tajsko združenje ASA (The Association of Siamese Architects). Osnove se vedno spreminjajo. Novi materiali, nove tehnologije in načini življenja spremijajo svet okoli nas. Morda se zato arhitekti pogosto presprašujejo o osnovah. O izhodiščih. O primarnem. O primitivnem.

01

Natečaja se je udeležil tudi slovenski biro Grupo H in prejel priznanje. Projekt obravnava problematiko zapuščenih območij južnega Chicaga. Ideja pa je tako osnovna, da bi lahko zaživela kjerkoli.

O natečaju smo se pogovarjali z arhitektom Srđanom Nađem.

Kakšna je bila izhodiščna naloga natečaja?
Organizator je z natečajem iskal odgovor na preprosto vprašanje: kaj je "basic" v arhitekturi, odgovor na to pa je bilo potrebno prikazati v smislu intervencije na realnem problemu (po lastni izbiri) v prostoru.

Izhodišče za projekt je bil problem revitalizacije južnega dela Chicaga. Namreč zaradi urbanih in ekonomskih sprememb, je ta del mesta doživel degradacijo. Zato so bili prebivalci prisiljeni svojo prihodnost poiskati nekje drugje. Zapuščene stavbe so dlje časa propadale, na to pa jih je mestna uprava Chicaga podrla. Tisto, kar je ostalo, so prazne parcele na katerih raste trava in druga samonikla vegetacija. Ironično, ampak resnično, ta del mesta je precej "zelen". 

Drug veliki problem, vezan na to temo, je bil problem revitalizacije. Današnji načini gradnje so zelo dorečeni, specifični in funkcionalno togi. V današnjem svetu je trgovina vedno trgovina, hiša nikoli ne more postati gasilska postaja, banka se nikoli ne spremeni v avtomehanično delavnico. Današnje stavbe so programsko toge in zelo težko spremeniti njihovo namembnost, če njihova vsebina propade. Zato mesto težko najde odgovor, kako revitalizirati degradirana območja.
 03

Kako ste na ta problem odgovorili? V čem vidite prednost vaše rešitve?
Odgovor na problem izhaja iz teme natečaja. Beseda "basic" pomeni osnovno in ravno to je potrebno za revitalizacijo južnega Chicaga.
V tem primeru je "basic" le streha kvadratnega tlorisa, dimenzij 12x12 m, ki omogoča neskončno število variacij programa. Posledično omogoča da soseska živi in se spreminja. Zato se hiša lahko spremeni v gasilsko postajo, banka v vrtec... Če ena namembnost ne zaživi, jo nadomestimo z novo - soseska naprej živi.

Je mogoče vašo idejo uporabiti tudi v drugih okoljih? Kako?
Ja, seveda... poglejmo, kako živijo stara mestna jedra. Včasih je bila v pritličju kovačnica, nato pa servis gospodinjskih aparatov, zdaj je tam turistična agencija....
Te spremembe omogočajo, da mesta živijo in pri tem jih moramo spodbujati.
V Sloveniji je veliko praznih stavb, od propadlih tovarn do praznih poslovnih stavb. Na žalost, spremembe namembnosti generirajo veliko administrativnih ovir. Propadlo tovarno nadomestimo lahko le z novo tovarno ipd., zato se je treba vprašati ali spodbujamo razvoj ali ga oviramo?

Katere materiale predvidevate in zakaj?

Materiali so v tem primeru v ozadju. Ideja je prikazana z uporabo le treh zaključnih materialov: lesena "plywood" obloga, ometan zid in brušen beton.
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arhitekt Srđan Nađ
Izbrane projekte natečaja si lahko ogledate na uradni spletni strani ASA.
Pripravil: Matevž Granda
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