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Arhitektura,Plečnik,Stanovanjske politike,Urbano
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6 septembra, 2015

Odprtokodna arhitektura Jožeta Plečnika

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Hiše pod občinsko streho

Pred časom sem se v enem od člankov obregnil ob pojem »Plečnikova Ljubljana«. Tam sem omenil nekaj večjih posegov, ki jih je Plečnik načrtoval, pa niso bili nikoli izvedeni in jih, čeprav so po arhitekturnem izrazu precej klasični, štejem po konceptualni zasnovi za avandgardne. Tak je tudi manj znani projekt »Hiše pod občinsko streho«.

Gre za socialno naravnani načrt, ki naj bi reševal bivalno problematiko socialno ogoroženih družin. Gre za projekt, ki bi mu danes rekli odprtokodna arhitektura. Plečnik je predvidel obsežno streho, podprto z modularnim rastrom stebrov in opremljeno s komunalnimi priključki. Streho naj bi zagotovila občina. Uporabniki pa bi si, po lastnih potrebah in zmožnostih, pod streho uredili bivališča. Gre za arhitekturni okvir, ki definira urbanistično umestitev v mestno tkivo in preprečuje nenadzorovani stihijsko rast.

Projekt socialnega naselja je nastal v letih 1943-44. Je nadaljevanje razmišljanj, ki jih je Plečnik na ljubljanski šoli za arhitekturo zasledoval že  pred drugo svetovno vojno.

hise pod obcinsko streho 01

Sam si je izvedbo ideje zamislil takole: ob preurejeno Kladežno ulico in na novo speljano krakovsko vijugo bi postavil dolgo, pokrito stebrišče, ki bi se v križišču Kladežne in vijuge rahlo zalomilo. Pod stebrišče, ki bi mu dajali enakomerno razporejeni stebri določen ritem, kompozicijski raster, bi namestil zgradbe različnih oblik. Ene bi stale za stebrno črto, druge bi stebre v pritličju prekrile in bi se ti pojavili šele v nadstropju, tretje bi jih prekrile v dveh nadstropjih. Vmes bi pustil prostor za dva prehoda, nikjer pa ne bi stavbe segle čisto do vrha stebrišča. To bi bil pomemben kompozicijski prijem, da bi se torej nad pozidanim od daleč videlo skozi, a hkrati vselej čitljivo sporočilo o načinu, torej položenosti stavb pod skupno streho – streha se mora vselej videti, ker je simbol!

Plečnikova razmišljanja nas lahko opomnijo na nujnost kakovostnega reševanja stanovanjskega problema najranljivejših slojev prebivalstva. Problem revščine tako v svetu kot v Sloveniji narašča.

05

(c) Google street view

Pa še nekaj. Menda zgornja trditev, namreč da gre za Plečnikov nerealiziran projekt,  ne drži povsem. Med Gradaško ulico in Mirjem se skriva objekt, ki naj bi bil del izvedene Plečnikove ideje Občinske strehe. Ali gre za novinarsko raco ali resnico pa v kakšnem od prihodnih zapisov.

 

Napisal: Matevž Granda

Naslovna slika: Outsider

Vir: Krečič, 1992

 

OPOMBA: vsebine na spletni strani se razlikujejo od vsebin v reviji Outsider! Revijo lahko naročite tukaj.

 

 

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Revija Outsider je prejela Plečnikovo medaljo za prispevek k bogatitvi arhitekturne kulture. Kot piše v utemeljitvi, sta revija in spletni portal Outsider nov slovenski medij o kulturi in družbi, ki si prizadeva za poznavalski in hkrati distanciran pogled na prostor. Ekipa arhitektov, ki skrbi za njen obstoj, je nagrajena za inovativnost pri širjenju zavedanja o arhitekturi in prostoru v kontekstu širše kulture in širše javnosti ter za vztrajnost na vsebinski in finančni neodvisnosti.

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