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16 aprila, 2021

Tapete: nekoč in danes

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Tapete so oblika umetniškega izraza. Pomenijo tudi zavezo, ki od stanovalca zahteva širši premislek o prostoru in bolj trajni (morda tudi trajnostni?) viziji. Pomembno je, da razumemo, kako deluje velikost prostora v odnosu do gostote vzorca, kako se obnaša ob različnih delih dneva in svetlobi. Izjemno širok nabor motivov omogoča, da likovni poudarek (če prostor to dopušča) izvedemo odločno in predano. V situacijah, kjer je odstop od izčiščenosti smiseln, pa lahko stenske nalepke dopolnijo izhodišče oblikovne zasnove. Te lahko steno zanimivo razčlenijo, v primeru uporabe v otroških sobah in igralnicah pa v razvojnem procesu otroka spodbudijo domišljijo in vizualno dojemanje sveta.

V zgodovini interierja se le redko pojavi element, ki v ljudeh vzbuja tako intenzivno delitev med odločnim nasprotovanjem in iskreno naklonjenostjo, kot to v zadnjem stoletju velja za papirnate stenske obloge. Tapete raznolikih barv, pogosto s stiliziranimi vzorci listov in cvetov, so dajale ozadje klasičnim prizorom jugoslovanskega stanovanja. Proti koncu stoletja so jih lastniki stanovanj z odporom praskali s sten in nadomeščali z nevtralnimi barvnimi toni. V oblikovanju se je njihova estetika znašla v nihajočem ravnovesju med dekorjem in vračanjem k minimalizmu, toda zadnjih nekaj let lahko v interierju opazimo trend, ki izraža jasno sporočilo –tapete in stenske nalepke so se zagotovo vrnile.

Zgodba opisanih oblog sega vse do 16. stoletja, ko so tapete začeli uporabljati kot okras v notranjosti omar in manjših prostorov v hišah trgovcev. Prvi komercialni razcvet so na zahodu doživele v času med obema svetovnima vojnama, ko se je njihova proizvodnja skoraj podvojila. Poleg znanih cvetličnih motivov so se v drugi polovici stoletja razširili tudi vzorci, na katere sta vplivali moderna umetnost in popularna kultura. Po stenah so se sestavljali vzorci abstraktnih geometričnih motivov, ki jih je konec šestdesetih nadgradila še eksplozija barv. Proizvodnja je rasla vse do svetovne naftne krize v sedemdesetih letih, ki je prizadela večino industrij.

V naštetih obdobjih je prišlo tudi do razvoja sodobnejših zasnov stanovanj. Okenske odprtine so se pričele večati, vzporedno s spremembo bivalnih navad se je postopoma spreminjal tudi tloris, ki je začel manjše, deljene prostore združevati v enega večjega. Skupna površina sten v stanovanjih se je zmanjšala. V notranjem oblikovanju se je ponovno pojavila želja po večji izčiščenosti in preprostosti.

Minimalizem, ki se je obdržal do preloma tisočletja, že zadnjih deset let počasi drobi ideja individualnosti in osebnega izraza. Premik v odnosu do notranjega oblikovanja se je še posebej izrazito razvil v zadnjem letu. Vloga prostora, v katerem bivamo, je tema, o kateri razmišljamo več, hkrati pa je obdobje, ko so bile tapete na vrhuncu, dovolj oddaljeno, da nanj gledamo z nostalgijo in naklonjenostjo. Dejstvo, da so se njihovega oblikovanja že pred nekaj leti lotili tudi oblikovalci visoke mode, kaže, da bodo tapete element interierja in našega življenjskega sloga tudi v našem stoletju.

Več na: https://www.dovido.si/

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