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Arhitektura,Trajnostno,Zbita zemlja
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30 aprila, 2021

Mario Cucinella in Wasp: 3D-tiskana hiša iz gline

V začetku februarja smo že pisali o gradnji trajnostne 3D-tiskane hiše v Italiji, v bližini Ravene. Projekt, poimenovan Tecla, kar je v angleščini sestavljanka iz izrazov za tehnologijo in glino, je bil v tem mesecu dokončan. Zasnova zanj je nastala v sodelovanju italijanskih ustvarjalcev: arhitektov bolonjskega studia Mario Cucinella Architects in specialistov za 3D-tisk družbe Wasp. Objekt je sestavljen iz dveh povezanih volumnov v obliki kupole. Rebrasto konstrukcijsko lupino tvori 350 zloženih plasti 3D-tiskane gline, pridobljene iz rečnega dna v bližini lokacije.Prototip, natisnjen v kraju Massa Lombarda, je bil izdelan z večstopenjskim modularnim 3D-tiskalnikom z dvema med seboj sinhronima rokama, ki lahko delujeta hkrati in skupaj zajameta območje stotih kvadratnih metrov površine tiskanja. Po navedbah arhitekturnega studia ustvarjeni prototip bivalne enote v svojem bistvu združuje dve ključni načeli – uporabo starodavne gradbene tehnike skozi principe sodobne tehnologije in ustvarjanje konstrukcije objekta, ki jo je mogoče reciklirati z nizkimi emisijami ogljika. Uporabljena glina, prek tiska razporejena v valovite plasti, zagotavlja statično stabilnost, deluje pa tudi toplotnoizolativno.Konstrukcija s površino 60 kvadratnih metrov je visoka 4,2 metra, obsega bivalni prostor, kuhinjo in spalni prostor, na streho pa so umeščeni servisi in krožno strešno okno. Slednje je osrednji vir svetlobe, kot sekundarni vir pa služijo zastekljena vrata, oblikovana v obliki koničastega loka. Interier sledi organski surovi estetiki uporabljenega materiala. Stene so tako ostale neometane, z vidnimi plastmi tiskanega materiala. Tudi uporabljeno pohištvo delno sledi materialnosti, nekateri elementi so bili namreč tiskani z lokalno pridobljeno zemljino.
Konceptualno se tudi notranjost odziva na izhodiščno idejo ponovne uporabe in krožne vrednosti prototipa. Geometrijo oboda oziroma lupine je mogoče prilagoditi in spremeniti tako, da deluje z različnimi vrstami surove zemlje in se lahko spreminja glede na nenačrtovane spremembe v podnebnih razmerah. Arhitekti ob zgraditvi poudarjajo, da oblika objekta ne izhaja primarno iz želje po estetiki, temveč nastali objekt v svoji formi deluje iskreno in izhaja neposredno iz uporabljene tehnologije in materiala.Tecla je bila razvita v okviru raziskave o okoljski trajnosti, ki je preučevala bioklimatska načela ter ljudsko arhitekturo in gradnjo za proizvodnjo nizkoogljičnih domov. »Tecla se odziva na vse hujše podnebne razmere, na potrebo po gradnji trajnostnih bivališč in na globalno stanovanjsko krizo, s katero se bomo morali soočiti zlasti v kontekstu naravnih nesreč in množičnih migracij,« pomen projekta opiše vodilni arhitekt Mario Cucinella.

Ime projekta: TECLA
Arhitektura: MCA Mario Cucinella Architects
Inženiring in gradnja 3D-tiska: WASP
Investitor: Občina Massa Lombarda, TER costruzioni
Fotografija: MCA Mario Cucinella Architect, WASP

Lokacija: Massa Lombarda, Italija

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