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Arhitektura,Trajnostno,Zbita zemlja
/
3 februarja, 2021

TECLA: Trajnostna 3D-tiskana hiša v Italiji

V bližini Ravene v severni Italiji nastaja prototipna trajnostna 3D-tiskana hiša, v celoti grajena iz lokalno pridobljene gline. Zasnova in izvedba temeljita na sodelovanju arhitekta Maria Cucinelle in proizvajalca 3D-tiskalnikov WASP.

Avtorji se s projektom neposredno odzivajo na nujnost sprememb obstoječih paradigem, ki veljajo v gradnji in s tem v svetu arhitekture, ter na z njimi povezano podnebno revolucijo. Ime projekta, TECLA, izvira iz združitve angleških besed za tehnologijo in glino. Zasnova temelji na dveh povezanih stanovanjskih enotah, kritih s polkroglasto kupolo, ki ustvarja podobo kokona. Debele surove zemljene stene enot imajo votlo strukturo, sestavljeno iz več glinenih »valov«, zaradi česar so hkrati razmeroma lahke, odporne in zelo izolativne. Za izdelavo vsake enote, ki jo sestavlja 350 glinastih slojev, vsak debeline 12 milimetrov, je potrebnih približno 200 ur tiskanja.

Za samo gradnjo so uporabili več tiskalnih enot Crane Wasp, ki lahko delujejo sočasno in tiskajo različne materiale, od okolju najprijaznejših zemeljskih materialov do betonske malte in geopolimerov. Največja površina tiskanja obsega 50 m2 na enoto, kot najvišjo hitrost pa proizvajalec navaja 300 mm na sekundo. Prednost uporabe surove zemlje kot primarnega gradbenega materiala  je, poleg očitne ekološke, tudi preprostejše reševanje gradnje na območjih, kjer prevoz običajnih materialov (na primer betona in jekla) pomeni izziv. Tehnologija in oprema za gradnjo s 3D-tiskom bosta na voljo prek seta Maker Economy Starter Kit, primernega za samostojno izdelavo. S tem pristopom se projekt neposredno odziva na potrebe skupnosti.

Grajeno okolje igra veliko vlogo pri zmanjševanju emisij ogljika. Ekološki pristop h gradnji tako vse več držav vključuje med prednostne naloge v odzivu na zahteve po trajnostnem razvoju.  Primer projekta TECLA pomeni korak naprej pri na prvi pogled težko rešljivem izzivu. Gradnja je trenutno v zadnji fazi in naj bi se končala spomladi, že zdaj pa služi kot svojevrsten pionirski primer izhoda iz ustaljenih praks grajenega okolja, katerega težave že dolgo presegajo zgolj vlogo zanimivega izhodišča za debato.

Ime projekta: TECLA
Arhitektura: MCA Mario Cucinella Architects
Inženiring in gradnja 3D-tiska: WASP
Investitor: Občina Massa Lombarda, TER costruzioni
Lokacija: Massa Lombarda, Italija
Fotografija: MCA Mario Cucinella Architect, WASP

Vir: www.inexhibit.com

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