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Arhitektura,Vizije
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1 avgusta, 2016

Republika Kugelmugel

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Mikronarod je majhna, samooklicana entiteta, ki se ima za samostojno neodvisno državo, vendar jo kot take ne prepoznava nobena druga država ali nadnacionalna organizacija. Motivi za nastanek mikronacij so različni; od teoretičnega eksiprementiranja, političnega protesta, umetniškega izraza, osebne zabave, do kriminalnega dejanja.

Mikronacij je več kot bi si mislili. Ena najstarejših je v sosednji Italiji. Imenuje se Seborga. Malo mestece v Liguriji je bilo ustanovljeno leta 954 in se nikoli ni smatralo za del Italije. S tristo prebivalci je ena večjih mikronacij.

Nekaj novejših je nastalo lani (2015), na mejnem območju med Hrvaško in Srbijo ob Donavi, kjer meja ni definirana. Liberland ima na svoji spletni strani objavljeno ustavo, zakone in vlogo za državljanstvo. Podobno tudi Kraljestvo Enclava.

blockchain-master-plan-of-liberland

Urbanistični načrt Liberlanda

Ena bolj znanih mikronacij je bila ustanovljena leta 1991. Imenuje se Neue Slowinsche Kunst (NSK) in je brez ozemlja. Ustanovil jo je kolektiv NSK, ki je močno je zaznamoval umetniško sceno v zadnji fazi Jugoslavije. S provokativnimi simboli in ideološkimi predpostavkami je bila trn v peti takratni oblasti. Država NSK izdaja tudi potne liste, s katerim je že marsikateri afričan skušal prebežati v Evropo.

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Mikronacija Republika Kugelmugel je nastala leta 1984. Za nas je še posebej zanimiva zato, ker jo definira arhitektura. Avstrijski umetnik Edwin Lipburger si je namreč v Spodnji Avstriji, v 1970-ih, postavil hišo v obliki krogle. Krogla je bolj naravna in zato primernejša za življenje kot kocka. Tako je verjel.

kugel_pres

Edwin Lipburger

Njegova krogla je lebdela nad grički Spodnje Avstrije, kar je bilo umetniku zelo všeč. Ni se namreč dotikala pokrajine in je s tem kvarila. To pa ni bilo všeč oblastem in objektu niso izdale gradbenega dovoljenja. Spor je prišel tako daleč, da je Lipburger ustanovil republiko Kugelmugel (kar bi pomenilo Krogla nad hribčki).  Hiša je tako postala svoja republika, s svojim prebivalcem in seveda mejnim prehodom. In ker ni bila več del Avstrije Lipburger tej ni plačeval davkov. Ta poteza umetnika ni rešila spora z avstrijskimi oblastmi. Kot si lahko mislimo, ga je le še bolj zaostrila. In Lipburger bi skoraj pristal v zaporu, če v zgodbo ne bi posegel takratni predsednik in ga pomilostil.

Hišo so prestavili v zabaviščni park Prater in je postala turistična atrakcija. Tam stoji še danes, obkrožena s bodečo žico in mejnim prehodom.

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Razglednica iz 1977

Kugelmugel_01

Od leta 1984 je Kugelmugel v parku Prater na Dunaju.

kugelmugel

Bodeča žica in mejni prehod definirata ozemlje republike. 

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Kugla se le v eni točki dotika tal

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zmlr_kugelmugel_01

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Pripravil: Matevž Granda

 

 

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