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Arhitektura,Dediščina,Festival
/
12 oktobra, 2020

Alenka Korenjak: Idrijska rudarska hiša

Osnovne sestavine in zdrava pamet

Ohranjanje stavbne dediščine najpogosteje povezujemo z obnovo in vzdrževanjem pomembnejših javnih stavb, ki predstavljajo arhitekturni in umetnostnozgodovinski presežek, na vsakdanjo, stanovanjsko gradnjo pa radi pozabljamo ali jo celo brez slabe vesti brišemo - tako iz spomina kot iz prostora.  Zato se nam zdi pobuda, s katero želimo ohranjati in predstavljati idrijske rudarske hiše tako pomembna. Hiše, ki so jih ljudje gradili sami ali ob pomoči lokalnih stavbarjev in tesarjev se po arhitekturni govorici morda ne morejo kosati z omenjenimi spomeniki. Pa vendar te preproste kamnite in lesene konstrukcije ob vsaj minimalnem vzdrževanju še danes stojijo, domiselni stavbarski in pohištveni detajli pa nam razkrivajo spretnost in praktičnost tedanjih mojstrov in ljudske iznajdljivosti, danes bi rekli zdrave pameti. Zgodba o prenovi idrijskih rudarskih hiš je zato zgodba o ohranjanju močne lokalne identitete, stanovanjske gradnje, ki je prestala preizkus časa, in lahko s premišljeno prenovo služi njenim stanovalcev še stoletje.

102 primera “pametnih hiš”

V Idriji danes najdemo 102 rudarski hiši v najrazličnejših stanjih, od zapuščenih do tako prezidanih, da njihove nekdanje podobe niti ni več mogoče prepoznati. Od nekdanjih 300 hiš, ki jih je slikar Rafael Terpin skiciral po fotografijah iz prejšnjega stoletja, številne niso preživele samograditeljske vneme povojnih desetletij in potrebe po lovljenju vedno novih standardov. Danes je naseljena še slaba polovica hiš, za približno dvajset lahko rečemo, da so ohranile tipične značilnosti. Ob vsej gradbeni vnemi pa vendarle ugotavljamo, da so lastniki večinoma navezani na svojo dediščino, tako na kraje, stavbe, predmete kot tudi na družinske zgodbe teh hiš.

Rudarske hiše kot priložnost za razvoj mesta

Obnova in naselitev rudarskih hiš ni pomembna le za ohranjanje stavbne dediščine in spomina na prednike. Za Idrijo in njeno okolico, ki se trenutno spopada s primanjkljajem stanovanj, bi obnova pomenila nove bivanjske kapacitete, ki so energetsko učinkovitejše in bolj trajnostne kot novogradnje. Obenem bi naselitev vplivala tudi na zgoščevanje in oživitev mestnega središča ter krepitev identitete in podobe mesta. Četudi se zdi, da so rudarske hiše trenutnim lastnikom v breme, njihova naseljenost dokazuje, da v njih mogoče živeti tudi danes. Hiše, v katerih je nekdaj prebivalo tudi po 20 stanovalcev in več, je mogoče s premišljenimi ukrepi spremeniti v eno ali dvodružinske hiše, ki odgovarjajo zahtevam našega časa.

Katalog ukrepov, ki je preraslo v večjo zgodbo

Zgodba o prenovi idrijskih rudarskih hiš se je začela l. 2016 z željo neprofitnega urbanističnega studia prostoRož in Društva Idrija 2020, da se sistematično popiše in razišče idrijsko arhitekturno dediščino. Po izdanem katalogu ukrepov za prenovo, letos projekt doživlja že tretjo nadgradnjo v obliki arhitekturnih svetovanj za lastnike hiš, pisateljske rezidence v muzejski rudarski hiši, pedagoških aktivnosti in številnih drugih dejavnosti, ki širijo zavedanje o širšem družbenem, ekonomskem in kulturnem pomenu ohranitve idrijskih hiš.

Predvsem pa projekt želi navdušiti in opogumite lastnike hiš za obnovo, da recept za idrijsko rudarsko hišo, ki potrebuje le “osnovne sestavine in zdravo pamet”, ne potone v pozabo.

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Revija Outsider je prejela Plečnikovo medaljo za prispevek k bogatitvi arhitekturne kulture. Kot piše v utemeljitvi, sta revija in spletni portal Outsider nov slovenski medij o kulturi in družbi, ki si prizadeva za poznavalski in hkrati distanciran pogled na prostor. Ekipa arhitektov, ki skrbi za njen obstoj, je nagrajena za inovativnost pri širjenju zavedanja o arhitekturi in prostoru v kontekstu širše kulture in širše javnosti ter za vztrajnost na vsebinski in finančni neodvisnosti.

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