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Arhitektura,Razmislek
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3 oktobra, 2015

Petra Čeferin: Živa dela – 1.del

Arhitekturni objekti so, kadar so uspešni, outsiderji. Outsiderji so, ker so transsituacijski in nadčasovni.

Pred skoraj sto leti je Le Corbusier napisal knjigo z naslovom K arhitekturi, ki je, kot piše arhitekturni zgodovinar J. L. Cohen, odločilneje vplivala na razmišljanje o arhitekturi moderne dobe kot vsa zgrajena arhitektova dela. Izjemni vpliv, ki ga ima ta knjiga še danes, po mojem kaže na to, da je v njej Le Corbusier uspel povedati nekaj ključnega o arhitekturi. In sicer o arhitekturi nasploh, ne le o arhitekturi moderne dobe. Eno ključnih stališč njegovega razmišljanja bi na kratko predstavila takole: Le Corbusier nam je dal vedeti, da je arhitektura dejavnost, ki ima poseben status, zaradi katerega lahko upravičeno rečemo, tudi če to niso Le Corbusierove besede, da je arhitektura pravzaprav neke vrste outsider. In sicer outsider v čisto specifičnem pomenu te besede: arhitektura deluje tako, da je znotraj danega sveta na tak način, da je hkrati zunaj tega sveta. Natančneje rečeno, ko je arhitektura na dober, torej zares arhitekturen način v svojem času in prostoru, je hkrati zunaj svojega časa in prostora. To pa zato, ker proizvaja dela, ki so nadčasovna in transsituacijska.

04 05

Knjigo K arhitekturi lahko na kratko opišemo kot poskus opredelitve arhitekture na način, ki bo ustrezal moderni dobi, dobi intenzivnega kulturnega, tehnološkega in znanstvenega napredka. Kot primer, po katerem se je treba zgledovati v konstruiranju zares nove, zares moderne arhitekture, Le Corbusier postavi Partenon.

Ta tempelj opiše kot največ, kar se je v arhitekturi zgodilo na vsem svetu in v vseh časih, kot mojstrovino brez primere. Ta trditev ni presenetljiva, saj je bil Partenon takrat splošno priznan kot dovršeno arhitekturno delo. Vendar pa Le Corbusier pove še nekaj drugega: templja ne predstavi le kot zglednega dosežka arhitekture neke pretekle dobe, ampak tudi kot živo delo, kot nekaj, kar živi zdaj, v začetku 20. stoletja. Partenon predstavi kot nekaj povsem sodobnega.

02 03

Svoji predstavitvi pa avtor doda, še nekaj, na prvi pogled bolj presenetljivega: vzpostavi vzporednico med templjem in avtomobilom. Postavi ju na isto raven in ju predstavi kot primerljiva objekta. Tako o enem kot o drugem govori v terminih lepote, harmonije in dovršenosti. Hkrati pa oba obravnava tudi kot standardna elementa, povsem običajna objekta, značilna vsak za svoj čas. Tempelj je standardni element stare Grčije, avtomobil pa moderne dobe. Oba sta, kot razloži Le Corbusier, podvržena podobnemu procesu postopnega izpopolnjevanja standarda. To trditev opremi z dvema paroma fotografij: fotografijo Herinega templja v Paestumu, ki je sto let starejši od Partenona, postavi zraven avtomobila humbert iz leta 1907, Partenon pa zraven najnovejšega športnega modela delage grand sport iz leta 1921. Pri tem razloži, da je tempelj v Partenonu že dosegel dovršenost, avtomobil delage grand sport pa k dovršenosti še napreduje.

Da Le Corbusier ti dve deli postavi na isto raven, pa ne pomeni, da zagovarja stališče, da sta to enakovredni deli. Le Corbusier ne trdi, da je za moderno dobo delage grand sport ravno tako velika mojstrovina, kot je bil Partenon za antično dobo. Prav tako ne trdi, da je Partenon dejansko le standardni produkt svojega časa, antične dobe, tako kot je avto standardni produkt svojega časa, moderne dobe. Oba objekta Le Corbusiera dejansko ne zanimata niti kot standardna produkta, kot običajna objekta, niti kot dovršeni deli, kot nekaj izjemnega. Zanima ga nekaj drugega, to, zaradi česar sta hkrati nekaj izjemnega in nekaj povsem običajnega. Zanima ga tisto, zaradi česar sta oba posebne vrste objekta: nista niti samo običajna, niti samo izjemna objekta, ampak sta še nekaj drugega. In ravno to je tisto, zaradi česar lahko tako eden kot drugi služi kot zgled in opora za to, kako bi bilo mogoče skonstruirati arhitekturo, primerno moderni dobi.

2.del.

06

Dr.Petra Čeferin

 

Iz prve številke revije Outsider. Naroči. 

 

 

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Revija Outsider

Revija Outsider je prejela Plečnikovo medaljo za prispevek k bogatitvi arhitekturne kulture. Kot piše v utemeljitvi, sta revija in spletni portal Outsider nov slovenski medij o kulturi in družbi, ki si prizadeva za poznavalski in hkrati distanciran pogled na prostor. Ekipa arhitektov, ki skrbi za njen obstoj, je nagrajena za inovativnost pri širjenju zavedanja o arhitekturi in prostoru v kontekstu širše kulture in širše javnosti ter za vztrajnost na vsebinski in finančni neodvisnosti.

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