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Arhitektura,Oglas
/
21 marca, 2022

Večja površina oken za boljše počutje

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Povezanost z naravo je primarna potreba človeka, vendar nam način življenja, ki ga imamo Evropejci otežuje vsakodnevni stik z njo. Po podatkih Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije, v stavbah preživimo v povprečju 90 % svojega časa, od tega dve tretjini doma. Potreba po vizualnem kontaktu z zunanjim svetom, spremljanju poteka dneva in obenem nadzora nad zunanjo okolico, je postala izrazitejša v času med pandemijo, kar je sprožilo veliko razmišljanja in iskanja novih konceptov bivanja znotraj arhitekturne stroke. 

Mednarodna konferenca Build for Life, ki je potekala konec lanskega leta, je odprla mnogo zanimivih vprašanj in nakazala ogromen potencial vizije bivanja v prihodnje, ki se vedno znova vrača k naravi in iskanju rešitev, kako v največji možni meri ohraniti povezavo človeka z naravo. (primer koncepta Living Places). 

V ospredje razmišljanja o kakovosti notranjega prostora, za zagotavljanje bivalnega ugodja in zdravja uporabnika, se vse bolj odločno postavlja osvetljenost z dnevno svetlobo, toplotno ugodje, kakovost zraka, zvočno ugodje in povezanost z naravo. V vseh teh štirih vidikih kakovosti ima okenska odprtina v ovoju stavbe izredno pomembno in veliko vlogo. 

Dobro načrtovana osvetlitev prostora z dnevno svetlobo zagotavlja zadostno količino svetlobe tekom svetlega dela dneva, upošteva raznolikost svetlobe (sončna, difuzna, reflektirana) in razporeditev svetlobe. Umeščanje in kombinacija različnih okenskih odprtin, tako fasadnih kot strešnih oken, namreč omogoča dobro distribucijo svetlobe v globje predele prostora. Pri slednjem ima prednost osvetlitev preko strešnih oken, saj zaradi lege v naklonu dajejo več svetlobe v primerjavi s fasadnimi. S kombinacijo strešnega okna nad oknom se zgornji rob okna viša, kar je znano pravilo, da se doseže vpad svetlobe globoko v prostor.

Še dokaj neizkoriščen potencial za zagotavljanje toplotnega ugodja v poletnih mesecih je izkoriščanje prečnega prezračevanja in učinka t.i. dimniškega vleka, z odpiranjem fasadnega okna in visoko umeščenega strešnega okna. Z nadzorovanim načinom odpiranja oken na različnih višinah, stavba izkorišča razlike v temperaturi zraka, kar sproža efektivno naravno prezračevanje. Z nadzorovanim senčenjem se prepreči pregrevanje stavbe. 

Izsledki obširne raziskave »Spuščeni pogledi« o navadah in življenjskem slogu Evropejcev, ki jo je skupina VELUX izvedla tudi v Sloveniji, niso spodbudni. Skoraj polovici Slovencev primanjkuje vsakodnevnega stika z naravo. Ljudje smo drastično spremenili način življenja, od narave smo se odmaknili. Pa vendar ima narava močan psihološki vpliv na človeka. Zadostna osvetlitev prostora ni dovolj za potešitev potrebe po pogledu navzven. Vlogo okna pri zaznavanju prostora in okolice odlično opisuje Lisa Heschong, v svoji knjigi Visual Delight in Architecture. Za zagotavljanje zadostne količine dnevne svetlobe, ki vpliva na pravilno delovanje cirkadianega ritma ter za zagotavljanje povezave človeka z zunanjim prostorom, so dandanes zaželene okenske odprtine večjih dimenzij, steklene površine s tankimi ali nevidnimi okvirji. 

Okno nam omogoča stik z naravo, informacijo o orientaciji v prostoru, izkušnjo spremembe vremena in sledenju časa v dnevu. Dostop do dnevne svetlobe in svežega zraka, pogled na zelenje, nebo, oblake in sonce so značilnosti domačega okolja, ki vplivajo na naše počutje in načine soočanja s sodobnimi izzivi. 

Piše: Neža Močnik u.d.i.a., VELUX Slovenija

 

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