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Arhitektura,Zbita zemlja
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4 septembra, 2021

Anna Heringer: Mehka moč

Kakšna naj bo prvinska izkušnja za novo bitje in za mater? To vprašanje si je zastavila skupina sedmih strokovnjakinj s področij medicine, porodništva, psihologije, travmatologije, arhitekture in umetnosti, ki je združila moči in v Vorarlerbergu ustanovila skupino za zasnovo holistične porodne hišice. Prototip prostora za rojevanje, zunanjo maternico, kot jo imenujejo same, so iz zemlje in blata skupaj z zainteresiranimi prebivalci in sodelavci Ženskega muzeja Hittisau po načrtih Anne Heringer in s tehnično pomočjo Martina Raucha izvedle letos, ob 20. obletnici odprtja muzeja.

Maternica iz zemlje omogoča zavetje in domačnost, intimen in varen prostor za porod z arhaičnim materialom in zasnovo, kar to nenavadno malo zgradbo umešča nekam v brezčasje. »Zakaj zemlja?« vprašam arhitektko Anno Heringer prek videoklica. »Zemlja je prvobiten material, ki močno vpliva na počutje in zdravje človeka ter na atmosfero v skupini. Kjerkoli po svetu gradimo z zemljo, naj bo v Bangladešu, v Nemčiji ali v New Yorku, povsod se ljudje, obiskovalci in naključni mimoidoči, želijo dotikati sten iz zemlje.« Zemlja, blato, glina so haptični, arhaični materiali, ki vabijo k dotiku. Poleg tega so to materiali, ki dihajo, pojasnjuje arhitektka: »V objektu iz zemlje je vedno ravno prav toplo in suho – material uravnava temperaturo optimalno, z le minimalnimi potrebnimi posegi, kot je dogrevanje ob zimskem hladu.«

Kako se načrtovanje in izvedba stavb iz zemlje razlikujeta po različnih lokacijah po svetu, me zanima. »Najopaznejša razlika zame kot arhitektko je ta, da gradnja iz zemlje dopušča odločitve na kraju samem, dopušča improvizacijo in preizkušanje in situ, podobno kot pri mojih projektih v Bangladešu. To je nekaj povsem drugega kot načrtovanje arhitekture na računalniškem zaslonu v pisarni, brez fizičnega stika z lokacijo in materiali, kot to počnemo na primer v Nemčiji. Graditi z zemljo na domačem terenu je bilo izjemno osvežujoče!«

Zgradbo iz zemlje so zaščitili z lesenimi skodlami, značilnimi za območje, kjer stoji objekt. »Prednost gradnje z zemljo je tudi to, da pri njej lahko sodeluje prav vsak, ki ga to zanima.« 'Maternico' so gradili upokojenci in otroci iz vrtca, lokalni vaščani, kar še dodatno oblikuje odnos arhitekture in krajanov.

Pa financiranje, vprašam, preden me zanese v navdušenje. »Sprva smo hoteli privabiti podjetja, da bi projekt sponzorsko podprla. Vendar je bil odziv slab, skoraj nikakršen. Morda tema ženske emancipacije, zgodovine in poroda ni dovolj komercialno zanimiva za ta podjetja … Je pa vsekakor zanimiva socialno! Poslali smo pisma prijateljem, znancem in lokalcem, ali bi podprli realizacijo naše ideje, in v nekaj dneh prejeli več kot 600 donacij, ki so omogočile gradnjo.« Zdaj je objekt dejansko last skupnosti, vzbuja ponos in je ves čas zaseden s programom in ljudmi različnih generacij.

Poleg objekta je v Frauenmuseumu na ogled razstava, posvečena zgodovini žensk. 'Maternica' je povsem primerna za porode, seveda ob primerni oskrbi in spremstvu, vendar jo uporabljajo za delavnice, posvečene ozaveščanju ljudi o ženski moči. Rojstvo je – poleg smrti – tisto, kar najbolj določa naše življenje. Zakaj se ne bi o tem začeli pogovarjati?

Ekipa:
Anna Heringer (arhitektka), Anka Dür (arhitektka in babica), Martin Rauch (tehnik), Sabrina Summer (oblikovalka), Brigitta Soraperra (direktorica, dramaturginja), Stefania Pitscheider Soraperra (direktorica Ženskega muzeja Hittisau)

Besedilo: Nina Granda (objavljeno v Outsider#23: Zemlja)

 

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Revija Outsider

Revija Outsider je prejela Plečnikovo medaljo za prispevek k bogatitvi arhitekturne kulture. Kot piše v utemeljitvi, sta revija in spletni portal Outsider nov slovenski medij o kulturi in družbi, ki si prizadeva za poznavalski in hkrati distanciran pogled na prostor. Ekipa arhitektov, ki skrbi za njen obstoj, je nagrajena za inovativnost pri širjenju zavedanja o arhitekturi in prostoru v kontekstu širše kulture in širše javnosti ter za vztrajnost na vsebinski in finančni neodvisnosti.

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