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Arhitektura
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8 septembra, 2022

Junya Ishigami: Hiša in restavracija pod zemljo

Trenutek odstranitve opaža je verjetno eden psihološko najbolj intenzivnih momentov v procesu snovanja in gradnje, beton pa je brez dvoma osrednji material moderne dobe, ki je tudi po stoletju splošno razširjene rabe še vedno vir kreativnih izzivov mnogim arhitektom. Kljub temu da je v zadnjih letih ob vse večji ozaveščenosti glede okoljskega vpliva gradbene industrije prišel na slab glas kot energetsko potraten material, njegov strukturni potencial, ki se tako razlikuje od klasičnih stereotomnih ali skeletnih principov, navdihuje vedno nove inovacije na meji med arhitekturnim in skulpturalnim.

Eden zadnjih primerov je nova stavba japonskega avantgardnega arhitekta Junya Ishigame, ki izziva prav vse predstave o tem, kaj stavba je. Če običajno začnemo pri vhodu, moramo tu začeti pri strehi: ta je betonska ploščad na ravni okoliškega terena, celotna stavba (s prostori restavracije, zasebne hiše lastnika in vmesnimi atriji) pa se nahaja pod njo, v fantastičnem prepletu jamskih prostorov, ki so nekaj med arheološko izkopanino in kraškim podzemljem.

Foto: Satoru Emoto

Naročnik in arhitektov dolgoletni prijatelj, kuharski mojster Motonori Hirata, je več let sanjal o restavraciji, ki bi dajala »občutek, da je prisotna že 10 tisoč let, in bo še nadaljnjih 10 tisoč« (kar je tudi slogan njegove nove restavracije Maison Owl v mestu Jamaguči/Yamaguchi). Da bi poustvaril občutek temačne in vlažne vinske kleti in dosegel učinek, ki bi se skladal s prijateljevo vizijo, je Ishigama prišel na dan s prav posebno tehniko uporabe betona. Za kalup betonskega odlitka, ki določa jamske oboke hiše, je privzel kar naravni teren zemljišča. Vanj so izkopali negativ hiše, tega zalili z betonom, po končanem procesu strjevanja pa odstranili vmesno zemljino.

Celoten gradbeni eksperiment je bil kljub enostavnosti ideje vse prej kot preprost in je zahteval od arhitektove ekipe med drugim dolgotrajno 3D modeliranje, s katerim so omogočili ekipi gradbenikov natančno izvedbo stebrov in temeljenja. Sprva je Ishigama nameraval zemljo v celoti odstraniti, a si je med gradnjo premislil, in s pomočjo znanja iz japonske tradicije uporabe ilovnatih ometov so našli postopek, s katerim so zemljino utrdili in preprečili njeno odpadanje.

Foto: Satoru Emoto
Foto: Satoru Emoto

Rezultat je eksperimentalna arhitektura, ki v misli prikliče znamenite reference, kot sta duhoviti »Tartuf« španskega arhitekta Antóna García-Abrila ali bolj resnobna Zumthorjeva Kapela brata Klausa. Avantgarden objekt, ki zbuja tako čudenje in užitek kot temeljna vprašanja in dvome o tem, kaj arhitektura je in kako graditi danes.

Foto: Yashiro Photo Office

Ime projekta: Hiša in restavracija Maison Owl
Arhitektura: Junya Ishigami + Associates
Naročnik: Motonori Hirata

Kraj: Jamaguči/Yamaguchi, Japonska
Leto: 2018

Inženir konstrukcije: Jun Sato
Gradbene inštalacije: Echo Mechanical Plumber
Krajinska arhitektura: SOLSO
Glavni izvajalec: Akita Kensetsu Co. Ltd.
Zasteklitve: Meiji Glass Company Limited
Razsvetljava in notranja oprema: Junya Ishigami + Associates
Svetovalec za razsvetljavo: Izumi Okayasu Lighting Design
Zavesa: Yoko Ando Design
Izvajalec inštalacij: Yanagiya
Pohištvo: Gotanda Seisakusho Co. Ltd., I. D. Works

Fotografija: Junya Ishigami + Associates, razen kjer označeno drugače
Pripravil: Luka Jerman

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Revija Outsider je prejela Plečnikovo medaljo za prispevek k bogatitvi arhitekturne kulture. Kot piše v utemeljitvi, sta revija in spletni portal Outsider nov slovenski medij o kulturi in družbi, ki si prizadeva za poznavalski in hkrati distanciran pogled na prostor. Ekipa arhitektov, ki skrbi za njen obstoj, je nagrajena za inovativnost pri širjenju zavedanja o arhitekturi in prostoru v kontekstu širše kulture in širše javnosti ter za vztrajnost na vsebinski in finančni neodvisnosti.

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