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Zemlja,Arhitektura,Zbita zemlja
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1 avgusta, 2022

Kapela sprave v Berlinu

Na nekdanji meji med vzhodnim in zahodnim Berlinom je nekoč stala impozantna cerkev, v neogotskem slogu zgrajena leta 1894. Preživela je obe svetovni vojni, delitev Berlina pa jo je odrezala od njenih faranov. V rabi je ostal zgolj njen zvonik, ki so ga pazniki uporabljali kot opazovalni stolp. Leta 1985 so jo zaradi »preglednosti, varnosti in obvladljivosti obmejnega območja« porušili. Zid je padel manj kot pet let kasneje.

Po odstranitvi zidu se je župnija odločila, da obeleži zgodbo prostora in se hkrati ozre v prihodnost ter na območju zgradi kapelo. Naloge sta se lotila berlinska arhitekta Rudolf Reitermann in Peter Sassenroth, ki sta novo kapelo umestila nad oltar porušene cerkve. Gre za ovalno jedro, napravljeno iz zbite zemlje, in lesen plašč, ki ga obdaja. Ta služi kot predprostor in hkrati kot preprosta, a domiselna zaščita zbite zemlje pred vetrom, dežjem in vlago. Devet metrov visok obod iz borovega lesa, ki povzema tlorisni izsek porušene cerkve, jedru pomaga nositi strešno konstrukcijo. Ko skozenj posije sonce, pa na notranjem zidu ustvarja tudi prelepe sence.

Tako je bila v Nemčiji prvič po sto petdesetih letih za javno zgradbo uporabljena zbita zemlja. Arhitekta sta v proces projektiranja vključila priznanega strokovnjaka za gradnjo z zbito zemljo, Avstrijca Martina Raucha. Iz okolice gradbišča so pripeljali skoraj 400 ton zemlje. Tej so poleg lanenih vlaken primešali še drobljeno opeko in druge ostanke iz ruševin cerkve. Ti delci preteklosti – opeka, steklo in kamen – ostajajo vidni v končanem, šestdeset centimetrov debelem zidu. Iz ilovice so narejena tudi tla.

Iz ruševin je bilo rešenih nekaj ostankov predhodne cerkve. Kamnita plošča oltarja je bila vstavljena v tla nove kapele in služi kot temelj novemu ilovnatemu oltarju. Na staro mesto se je vrnil tudi delno ohranjen retabel (okrašena stena za oltarjem), ki je vstavljen v nišo debelega zidu.

 

Zgradba je prezračevana zgolj naravno, niti nima ogrevanja ali hlajenja; debeli zidovi zagotavljajo prijetno klimo skozi celotno leto. V nukleusu kapele pa tudi ni umetne razsvetljave, zgolj naravna svetloba preko strešnih svetlobnikov.

 

 

Ime projekta: Kapela sprave (Kapelle der Versöhnung)
Avtor projekta: Rudolf Reitermann in Peter Sassenroth
Strokovnjak za gradnjo z zemljo: Martin Rauch
Investitor: Evangeličanska skupnost Bernauerstrasse
Lokacija: Berlin, Nemčija

Leto projektiranja: 1995–1999
Leto izvedbe: 1999–2000

Pripravil: Gašper Fabijan
Fotograf: Christian Jungenbloth, Petr Šmíde

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