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Arhitektura
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26 maja, 2017

URBANE RASTLINE 04._Robinia pseudoacacia

Robinia pseudoacacia, cenjeno okrasno drevo.

Bogato cvetoča medovita rastlina.

Drevoredno drevo, katerega pražena semena so nekdaj uporabljali za kavni nadomestek.

No, če sem čisto iskren, tudi sam nisem zares vedel kako je ime rastlini o kateri bo danes beseda. Pred časom me je nekdo vprašal, katera rastlina pod sabo pušča zeleno preprogo in tako vsaj za nekaj časa olepša razpokan asfalt. To je navadna robinija (Robinia pseudoacacia) ali neprava akacija. Njeno znanstveno ime izvira iz grške besede pseudés, kar pomeni nepravi in acacia, kot jo je napačno poimenoval Carl Linne, švedski botanik. To je tisto nizko drevo, ki ga, sploh v mestih opazimo v dvorednih drevoredih ali pa v kombinacijah s striženimi živicami (pušpanom, pacipreso, tiso ...).

Gotovo so danes najbolj znane robinije na Prešernovi ulici v Ljubljani, ki nas vodijo vse od Tramvaja do Moderne galerije. Gre za najdaljšo zeleno linearno potezo v Ljubljani, ki jo tvorijo kroglaste robinije (‘Umbraculifera’), najbolj znane predstavnice te vrste. Njeno kroglasto obliko je mogoče še dodatno okrepiti s cepljenjem in vsakoletno, močno rezjo. In res je, vsako leto se čudim, kako zelo »v živo« izrežejo veje robinijam na Prešernovi. A vseeno ta mala drevesa preživijo in spomladi na novo poženejo liste, trne in veje. Od leta 1993 je v Register nepremične kulturne dediščine kot vrtnoarhitekturni objekt vpisan drevored robinij na Cankarjevi cesti ob ljubljanski operi, ki je nastala kot del Lattermanovega drevoreda. Sprva so promenado med središčem mesta in Tivolijem po večini tvorili kostanji, ki pa so jih z gradnjo železnice nadomestili s kroglastimi robinijami.

Poleg prostorotvorne funkcije in pravilne oblike, ki je že davno privlačila arhitekte, je robinija dobra urbana rastlina. Godijo ji peščena, humusna, bazična in dobro odcedna tla, ki jih, kot vse metuljnice (Fabaceae) obogati z dušikom. Ker dobro prenaša sol je odlična rastlina za obcestni prostor.

Rastlina, ki je k nam prišla iz severovzhodnih predelov ZDA je listopadno drevo, ki pa svoje sveže, pernato deljene, sveže zelene liste požene kasneje od večine rastlin in jih zato na vejah ohrani dlje časa, včasih celo do prvega snega ali še čez. Navadna robinija lahko zraste tudi do 25 metrov visoko, drevoredna cepljenka pa med 3 - 6 metrov (odvisno od mesta cepljenja). Odlikuje jo njeno pokončno deblo, ki je prekrito z sivo rjavo razpokano skorjo. Zanimivo je, da so veje polne do dva centimera dolgih preobraženih listov - trnov. Robinija tudi bogato cveti. Med majem in junijem jo krasijo velika bela grozdasta socvetja, ki z močnim vonjem privabljajo žuželke. Nato zgodaj jeseni plodi viseče stroke, ki so podobni fižolu. Razmnožuje se tudi s potaknjenci ter s koreninskimi poganjki in je zaradi hitre in vztrajne širitve ponekod že pričela ogrožati ekosisteme. Izraščanje iz panjev in stalno pomljajanje rastline lahko omeji globoka senca in redna košnja pod drevesom. Na Madžarskem njene sorte zasajajo v velike plantaže, saj je les izjemno kakovosten.

Prav nič mogočna, a vseeno pokončna in posebna. Robinia pseudoacacia.

 

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