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3 novembra, 2021

Aldo Rossi: Teatro del Mondo (1979 – 1981)

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Arhitekt Aldo Rossi, eden izmed utemeljiteljev postmodernizma in prvi italijanski Pritzkerjev nagrajenec, je mednarodno slavo pridobil z začasnim, a drznim projektom: Teatro del Mondo. Nenavadno plavajoče gledališče je Rossi predstavil na prvem arhitekturnem bienalu v Benetkah, ki ga je leta 1980 kuriral Paolo Portoghesi.

Rossi je za razstavo zasnoval plavajoče, mobilno gledališče, po vzoru odrov, ki so jih v 18. stoletju v Benetkah gradili za karnevale. Teatro del Mondo je posvetilo beneški tradiciji. Predvsem pa ga je vodila misel, da lahko za prvi arhitekturni bienale zasnuje arhitekturo, ki presega običajne koncepte in ustvarja lastno meta-realnost.

 

Med gradnjo gledališča, 1979

25 metrov visoko skulpturo so zgradili pristaniški delavci iz cevi gradbiščnih odrov in konstrukcijo zaprli z lesom. Gledališče je sprejelo 400 gledalcev, od tega je bilo 250 sedišč.

Po zaključku arhitekturnega bienala je gledališče iz Benetk odplulo čez Jadransko morje in se zasidralo v Dubrovniku, kjer je gostilo nekaj predstav. Plavajoča arhitektura se je leta 1981 ponovno podala nazaj čez morje na Punta della Dogana v Benetke, kjer so jo razstavili.

 

Benetke (10. avgust 1980), Teatro del mondo na poti v Dubrovnik

Arhitekturna instalacija Teatro del Mondo je po vseh letih še vedno zanimiva, ker neposredno in drzno nagovarja temeljne arhitekturne teme. Utopična plavajoča struktura ustvarja lasten prostor in čas in lastna pravila. Svet arhitekture jemlje kot ustvarjalni univerzum brez omejitev in sama izumlja lastne konvencije. Definira jo njena začasnost in posvečenost umetnosti, imaginaciji in fikciji. Spada v svet idej, v stvarnem svetu se pojavi le začasno in z jasnim zavedanjem, da bo kmalu uničena. Podobno kot gledališče, ki je temeljno definirano s časom trajanja in v fizičnem prostoru zaživi le v času izvajanja predstave. A kratkemu trajanju obstoja materializirane ideje navkljub fantastična podoba še vedno živi dobrih 40 let po svoji postavitvi.

Prav zdaj lahko hommage konstrukciji občudujemo na pregledni razstavi, posvečeni Aldu Rossiju v galeriji Maxxi v Rimu. Predstavljene so številne skice in načrti skulpture Teatro del Mondo, pa tudi fotografije, ki jih je posnel fotograf Antonio Martinelli.

Ideja o plavajočem nacionalnem paviljonu se je v zgodovini Arhitekturnega bienala v Benetkah kasneje še pojavila. Leta 2010 je skupina arhitektov zasnovala hrvaški paviljon iz 35 ton armaturnih mrež. Vendar skulptura ni prestala morske poti iz Reke do Benetk. Rossijeva fantastična skulptura je morda eno najbolj zanimivih del postmodernizma. Čeprav je obstajala le kratek čas, arhitekturna ideja še vedno sproža razmisleke.

Piše: Nina Granda

Vir fotografij: https://www.maxxi.art/en/events/aldo-rossi-larchitetto-e-le-citta/

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Revija Outsider je prejela Plečnikovo medaljo za prispevek k bogatitvi arhitekturne kulture. Kot piše v utemeljitvi, sta revija in spletni portal Outsider nov slovenski medij o kulturi in družbi, ki si prizadeva za poznavalski in hkrati distanciran pogled na prostor. Ekipa arhitektov, ki skrbi za njen obstoj, je nagrajena za inovativnost pri širjenju zavedanja o arhitekturi in prostoru v kontekstu širše kulture in širše javnosti ter za vztrajnost na vsebinski in finančni neodvisnosti.

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