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Urbane rastline
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11 septembra, 2018

Urbane rastline – dobrovita, Viburnum lantana

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Oh, kako zelo nenaklonjen sem bil videzu te sivo zelene rastline. Njeni šilasti listi in razrast mi nikoli niso bili všeč. Pa sem ugotovil, da je rastlina uvela le pozimi. V poletnem in jesenskem času se drži pokonci in zravnano.

Iz družine bezgovk, latinsko imenovane Sambucaceae, prihaja med aprilom in junijem cvetoča grmovnica dobrovita (Viburnum lantana). Puhastodlakave veje ob gozdnih robovih in na grmovnih pobočjih v višino zrastejo do štiri metre. Rastlina je razširjena po svetlih slovenskih gozdovih, pogosto pa jo uporabljamo kot okrasni grm, primeren za različne mestne ozelenitve. Kot strižena grmovnica je prisotna na parkiriščih, kot živa meja v vrtovih, v parkovnih zasaditvah kot soliter ali sajena v skupine. Čeprav ji bolj godijo sveža, vlažna, globoka in s hranili bogata tla na apnenčasti podlagi, je prilagojena tudi sušnim in revnim tlom. Prilagodila se je tudi močno osvetljenim in vročim legam. Viburnum lantana odlično prenaša tako zimski mraz kot poletno pripeko.

Poganjki dobrovite so dolgi, šibasti in soustvarjajo krošnjo. Rastlina dob­ro prenese poškodovanost ter se iz panja dobro in hitro obraste. Skorja na novih, mladih poganjkih je dlakasta, kasneje pa vzdolžno razpokana in redkeje poraščena. Tudi temno zeleni jajčasti listi z nazobčanim robom so po obeh straneh dlakavi. Vzdolž veje izraščajo nasprotno izmenično. Kremasto beli cvetovi so zbrani v socvetja in enako veliki. So dvospolni in rahlo dišeči. Grm je enodomen in z rahlim vonjem cvetov privablja žuželke. Rodi izjemno lepe, a strupene jajčaste plodove, ki imajo pod sprva bleščeče rdečo, ob zrelosti pa črno lupino le eno seme. Koščičasti plodovi dozorijo med avgustom in okto­brom. Nekoč so jih uporabljali v ljudskem zdravilstvu, saj vsebujejo snovi viburnin in saponin. Ob zastrupitvi pri človeku nastopita bruhanje in driska.

Les je težek, trd in žilav. Iz elastičnih poganjkov so nekoč izdelovali košare, peharje in vrvi, iz vej pa ročaje za biče ter cevke za pipe. Iz skorje so izdelovali lepilo za ptičje limanice. Dolge, ravne poganj­ke so že v pradavnini uporabljali za puščice. Celo Ötzi, moška mumija iz kamene dobe, ki so jo pred leti zmrznjeno našli na ledeniku v Alpah, je imel v torbi ohranjenih nekaj puščic iz lesa dobrovite.

Mogoče imam sedaj dobrovito nekoliko raje. Poletno edicijo, zimska je videti preveč žalostno.

 

Besedilo in foto: Marko Klemen

 

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